Essay about J.D. Salingers Development of Holden Caulfield

Many authors put their own life as inspiration towards their works and characters. J.D. Salinger’s character development of Holden Caulfield has been affected by Salinger’s complications in his school life, devastating past relationships, and overwhelming traumatic events during his pre-The Catcher in the Rye adulthood. J.D. Salinger’s school life had many significant events that are shown through Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in the Rye. In the novel, the 17-year-old Holden Caulfield leaves Pencey Prep. In chapter one, Holden states â€Å"...I’d just got back from New York with the fencing team. I was the goddam manager of the fencing team. Very big deal. We’d gone in to New York that morning for this fencing meet with McBurney†¦show more content†¦When Salinger attended McBurney School, he tried to conform so he can fit (one way was calling himself Jerry). While at this school, he also acted in plays and wrote the school’ s newspaper. This is shown through Holden as he doesn’t try to conform (which could be representing Salinger’s regret to try and conform), hates phoniness (as acting as a character [for example: in a play] is considered being phony), and likes writing (as shown in the beginning of chapter one as he tells the audience his story and how he admires his writer-brother, D.B.). Salinger himself stated, â€Å"My boyhood was very much the same as that of the boy in the book, and it was a great relief telling people about it† (interview by Shirlie Blaney). Salinger’s many failed relationships in his lives, from his parents to love interests, are hinted throughout Holden’s life and his character. Salinger’s father was from a Jewish descent while his mother was from a Catholic descent; however Salinger didn’t know about this until his bar mitzvah. Salinger had problematic issues with his father like how his father basically disapproved of hi s son in general (for example: participation in plays). It was even described that â€Å"J.D. skipped his father’s funeral and later stopped eating meat† (stated by www.nndb.com). Salinger’s relationship with his parents were broken because of the trust broken by his mother and theShow MoreRelatedHolden Caulfield of Catcher In the Rye, the equivalent portrayal of J.D Salinger1734 Words   |  7 PagesHolden Caulfield of Catcher In the Rye, the equivalent portrayal of J.D Salinger Jerome David â€Å"J.D† Salinger’s masterpiece, The Catcher in the Rye, is a world to the disillusioned protagonist Holden Caulfield. The story follows Holden Caulfield following his eviction from his private school, Holden leaves school two days early to travel New York before returning home. He interconnected with many different folks along the way and fascinatingly, the character of Holden Caulfield holds a remarkableRead MoreAngel Simon. Mrs Kehrmeyer. Ap English. 2 March 2017. The1086 Words   |  5 PagesAngel Simon Mrs Kehrmeyer AP English 2 March 2017 The Island of Isolation Holden Caulfield, the main protagonist in J.D. Salinger s The Catcher in the Rye, illustrates the endless struggle of becoming an adult, without actually growing up. Psychoanalytical theory provides a closer lense into the character development of sixteen year Holden Caulfield, a six foot two grey haired child who’s afraid to grow up and face the problems of an inevitable reality. There’s many factors that contribute toRead MoreThe Importance of Censoring in The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger1145 Words   |  5 PagesJ.D. Salinger was an American author well known for his best seller The Catcher in the Rye, a considerably influential novel that portrayed the feelings of alienation that were experienced by adolescents in North America after World War II (J.D. Salinger Biography). Salinger’s work appeared in many magazines, including a series of short stories which inspired many new authors (J.D. Salinger Biography). His inspiration for Pencey Prep boarding school in The Catcher in the Rye stemmed from hisRead MoreCharacter Development Of Holden Caulfield1105 Words   |  5 PagesRushil Asudani Mr. Bazinet ENG3UN 11 July 2015 Character Development of Holden Caulfield Change is an essential component in the continued success of the human race and thus important in the development of society. As such, society expects people to constantly change and adapt. Readers typically expect to see the development of characters throughout novels, or other pieces of literature. In the novel, â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†, J. D. Salinger deviates from the normal progression followed by mostRead MoreCatcher in the Rye Essay837 Words   |  4 PagesJ.D Salinger’s fictional novel ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ explores ideas of coming of age and challenging society’s morals through the life of Holden Caulfield, the young protagonist of the novel. The term ‘coming of age’ can be defined as when someone reaches an important stage in development and is accepted by a large number of people. The word ‘morals’ is concerned with the principles or rules of right conduct or the distinction of right and wrong. Themes su ch as innocence, isolation and youth resideRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye: Holden Caulfields Phony Phobia Essay1825 Words   |  8 Pagesfrom around the year 1945 to the present day is called Postmodernism. Postmodernism is difficult to define since there are not so many agreement on certain characteristics, and importance of the postmodern literature. This period consists on a development or departure from the modernism. Postmodern literature is much well characterized by the fragmented collection of high and lows in culture that represents the absence of tradition in the world of consumerism. Postmodernism is a time in which authorsRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye vs. Looking For Alaska1807 Words   |  8 Pagesbetween the main protagonists in John Greens Looking for Alaska, and J.D. Salingers Catcher in the Rye. Although these two coming of age novels differ greatly in setting and in circumstance, many of the broader, more fundamental themes in each are actually quite simila r. John Green was very much influenced by J.D. Salinger, and even admitted that Miles Pudge Halter in Looking For Alaska, was based largely off of Holden Caulfield, the main character in Catcher in the Rye. In reading the two booksRead MoreAn Analysis of J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye1223 Words   |  5 PagesIn J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield is portrayed as a young, troubled individual. He tells us his story from the mental institution where he is currently residing. Holden is a 16 year old going through many different adolescent changes. He is expelled from his prep school for flunking too many subjects. He drinks, smokes, sees a prostitute, is punched by her pimp, goes on dates, spends a great deal of time in the park, and really does not do a great deal else. Holden isRead MorePsychoanalysis of Holden Caulfield1173 Words   |  5 Pagessilently directs the thoughts and behavior of the individual† (Freud 95). Holden Cau lfield, the main character in J.D Salinger’s novel, The Catcher in the Rye, is sixteen years old and does not act his own age for he is stuck in his own private world, filled with pain and suffering. In the novel, Holden can be observed through a psychoanalytical view, which provides the reader a clear understanding of his unconscious mind. Holden is displayed as a troubled and foolish teenager who is flunking from anotherRead MoreInto the Wild vs. Catcher in the Rye1479 Words   |  6 PagesESSENTIAL TO LIFE: â€Å"Happiness is not something already made. It comes from your actions† –Dalai Lama J.D. Salinger’s world-renowned book The Catcher in the Rye and director Sean Penn’s dramatic feature film Into the Wild both give us a unique perspective of society through a collection of descriptive imagery and riveting plot development. Both materials present us with protagonists Holden Caulfield and Chris McCandless, whom are deeply encompassed by self-introspection and who seem to be on a quest

Autonomous Vehicles and Software Architectures Free Essays

Author: Anonymous Date: Tuesday, August 21, 2012 10:07:54 AM EDT Subject:Week 1 Discussion 2 â€Å"Autonomous Vehicles and Software Architectures † Please respond to the following: * Autonomous vehicles utilize integrated imaging and vision systems, sensor systems, and control systems to â€Å"drive a car†. Determine what you believe are the top-five challenges of integrating these systems. Provide one example for each challenge and explain why you believe it is a challenge. We will write a custom essay sample on Autonomous Vehicles and Software Architectures or any similar topic only for you Order Now * Explain whether you believe there is a difference between designing and developing software for distributed architectures and stand-alone essay writer help, non-distributed systems. Provide at least five reasons to support your position. Autonomous Vehicles and Top-Five Challenges 1. ) Just for starters, who would be responsible for accidents? Software used in such cars would have to have the same basic reactions as humans, and if there is a computational fault that causes a crash, would the driver or the software-making firm be at fault? Not only this, but vehicle safety standards would have to be assessed and potentially rewritten to account for electronics as well as mechanics — and knowing how governments work, this could take a while. . ) No system is faultless, and everything has a chance of failure. But if a computer system fails when you’re on the highway, not only could it prove more dangerous than usual — as your attention is unlikely to be fully on the road if something else is in control — and so a self-driving car would have to come with a plethora of safety mechanisms in place to cater for these issues. Not only this, bu t such a system would have to be able to react to unexpected situations. For example, how would an autonomous car react if a child ran out into a road? The technology may be shiny and new, but safety will prove a massive challenge before this kind of technology will be allowed to see the light of day when it comes down to the general public. Specifically, driving in snow is proving challenging because the snow covers the markers and visual cues that the autonomous sensor technology relies on to pilot a vehicle on its own. 3. ) There also may be problems with new roads or changes in street names as well as with situations in which police are manually directing traffic. 4. Another challenge is driving through construction zones, accident zones, or other situations in which a human is directing traffic with hand signals. The cars are excellent at observing stop signs, traffic lights, speed limits, the behavior of other cars, and other common cues that human drivers use to figure out how fast to go and where and when to turn. But when a human is directing traffic with hand signals–and especially when these hand signals conflict w ith a traffic light or stop sign–the cars get confused. 5. Data Challenges: An enormous amount of data will become available for alternative usage, which is likely to present challenges and opportunities pertaining to data security, privacy concerns, and data analytics and aggregation. Privacy concerns must be resolved to enable the deployment of integrated sensor-based and cooperative vehicle technologies. A balance between privacy protection interests and other affected interests is essential to resolve conflicts between the stakeholders who will make decisions about how information is collected, archived, and distributed. Potential stakeholder concerns are numerous: disclosure of vehicle data could reveal trade secrets; public personalities, such as politicians and celebrities, could be connected to potentially embarrassing locations or routes; and ordinary citizens could find themselves spammed or stalked as the data enables a variety of harmful applications such a as commercial misuse, public corruption, and identity theft. And what’s to prevent nefarious governments from using the expanded surveillance capabilities to spy on their citizens? Data Security: Numerous security threats will arise once personal mobility is dominated by self-driving vehicles. Unauthorized parties, hackers, or even terrorists could capture data, alter records, instigate attacks on systems, compromise driver privacy by tracking individual vehicles, or identify residences. They could provide bogus information to drivers, masquerade as a different vehicle, or use denial-of-service attacks to bring down the network. The nefarious possibilities are mind-boggling—the stuff of sci-fi thrillers. But system security will undoubtedly become a paramount issue for transportation systems with the successful deployment of integrated sensor based and cooperative vehicles. Difference Between Distributed and Non-Distributed Systems A distributed system is a computing system in which a number of components cooperate by communicating over a network. Computer software traditionally ran in stand-alone systems, where the user interface, application ‘business’ processing, and persistent data resided in one computer, with peripherals attached to it by buses or cables. Inherent complexities, which arise from fundamental domain challenges: E. g. , components of a distributed system often reside in separate address spaces on separate nodes, so inter-node communication needs different mechanisms, policies, and protocols than those used for intra-node communication in a stand-alone systems. Likewise, synchronization and coordination is more complicated in a distributed system since components may run in parallel and network communication can be asynchronous and non-deterministic. The networks that connect components in distributed systems introduce additional forces, such as latency, jitter, transient failures, and overload, with corresponding impact on system efficiency, predictability, and availability [VKZ04]. †¢ Accidental complexities, which arise from limitations with software tools and development techniques, such as non-portable programming APIs and poor distributed debuggers. Ironically, many accidental complexities stem from deliberate choices made by developers who favor low-level languages and platforms, such as C and C-based operating system APIs and libraries, that scale up poorly when applied to distributed systems. As the complexity of application requirements increases, moreover, new layers of distributed infrastructure are conceived and released, not all of which are equally mature or capable, which complicates development, integration, and evolution of working systems. †¢ Inadequate methods and techniques. Popular software analysis methods and design techniques have focused on constructing single-process, single-threaded applications with ‘best-effort’ quality of service (QoS) requirements. The development of high-quality distributed systems—particularly those with stringent performance requirements, such as video-conferencing or air traffic control systems—has been left to the expertise of skilled software architects and engineers. Moreover, it has been hard to gain experience with software techniques for distributed systems without spending much time wrestling with platform-specific details and fixing mistakes by costly trial and error. Continuous re-invention and re-discovery of core concepts and techniques. The software industry has a long history of recreating incompatible solutions to problems that have already been solved. There are dozens of general-purpose and real-time operating systems that manage the same hardware resources. Similarly, there are d ozens of incompatible operating system encapsulation libraries, virtual machines, and middleware that provide slightly different APIs that implement essentially the same features and services. If effort had instead been focused on rapidly by reusing common tools and standard platforms and components. Distributed Systems Therefore, distributed and non-distributed computer system are different in these ways. * Distributed architecture has the ability to scale out and load balance business logic independently. * Distributed architecture has separate server resources that are available for separate layers. * Distributed architecture is flexible. * Distributed architecture has additional serialization and network latency overheads due to remote calls. * Distributed architecture is potentially more complex and more expensive in terms of total cost of ownership. Non-Distributed Systems Non-distributed architecture is less complex than distributed architecture. * Non-distributed architecture has performance advantages gained through local calls. * With non-distributed architecture, it is difficult to share business logic with other applications. * With non-distributed architecture, server resources are shared across layers. This can be good or bad — layers may work well together a nd result in optimized usage because one of them is always busy. However, if one layer requires disproportionately more resources, another layer may be starved of resources. How to cite Autonomous Vehicles and Software Architectures, Papers

Kashmir Floods and Disaster Management †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Kashmir Floods and Disaster Management. Answer: Introduction: The Kashmir Flood, India that occurred in the year of 2014, after five consecutive days of rain, had a disastrous impact on the lives leaving approximately 400 people dead, approximately six lakh people stranded as well as schools and other large buildings destroyed (Shah 2015). Considered to be the worst flood in the last hundred years, the natural disaster has clearly pointed out that lack of disaster preparedness on part of the government is primarily responsible for the catastrophe. The national government agency had been blamed largely owing to its callousness in dealing with natural disasters. Not only, is the government entrusted with implementing a variety of preventive measures so as to eliminate the potential risks involved, but it is also expected to raise the public awareness about the causes of flood, and the risks involved. As far as the preparedness of the risk Management authority was concerned, a striking lack of voluntary activists aggravated the problem. The state did not have enough boats in order to rescue the victims in proper time, and hence new boats had to be ferried from other states, ultimately leading to further delay in the rescue problem and aggravation of the problem . Further, despite the presence of various volunteers, the state had a huge dearth of trained, professional volunteers, or adequate staffs who could be actively engaged in eliminating the risks involved in the disaster. The absence of skilled manpower along with the lack o f advanced technology, employed by the government had failed to mitigate the impact of the disaster on the lives of the people (Gogoi 2014). Further, a large number of people had to seek shelter in different community run relief centers, and yet the volunteers or the government agencies were unable to get a consolidated list of rescued people. Hence, it became even difficult to identify the people who were being involved in the disaster as well. As far as the government of Jammu and Kashmir is concerned, the government did have a highly inefficient and outdated disaster and calamity Management policy, as a result of which once the disaster occurred, shortage of boats and bad weather kept many people stranded. Besides, it is not sufficient for the government to formulate and implement risk preventive measures, as it is equally important to engage the common people in research and development activities for the mitigation of the impacts of the disasters. However, in case of India, IGNOU is the only state that has been offering disaster management courses, as a result of which very few people are engaging in the research and development activities for mitigating the impact of flood here. Further, it is equally important to mention here that the Union Ministry of Water Resources of India does have a flood forecast system with more than 157 centers in India and yet there is no forecast system for one of the most flood prone state s of India- Jammu and Kashmir (Kumar 2017). As far as the US jurisdiction regarding the workplace safety is concerned, the Occupational Safety and Health Acts of 1970, has mandated that it is the responsibility of the employers to offer a safe environment to the employees. The FLSA Act of the USA clearly states that the employees working in an organization must be at least 18 years of age, and not below that. Similarly, the Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 protects and safeguards the health and well-being of all the workers, engaged in mining and mineral processing activities. However, in order to avert the risks, the government acts do not incorporate any form of technological innovation to protect the lives of the employees. The employers under the OSH Act are directed to protect the employees from serious, recognized hazards and risks. However, while serious risks imply fatal accidents that can take a toll on the life of an employee, the recognized hazards may imply the risk of an employee of getting heavily injured. Howe ver, minor injuries caused by trip and fall, that can completely or partially disable and hurt the employer or occupational stress are not being covered under the OSHA Act. The issue of cockpit intrusion is indeed an odd case, and it cannot be predicted easily by the Management authority that a deranged man might barge in the pilots room, and intervene with the operational activity of the pilot. However, since in 2011 four similar incidents had occurred, the management must become doubly cautious regarding the safety of the cockpit door. Since similar incidents have already occurred before, the aircraft organizations must foresee the risks associated with the issue of cockpit intrusion, and should accordingly introduce reinforced, bullet proof doors, in order to prevent the intruders from barging in the cockpit. However, back in 2000, it might have seemed to be unlikely to expect a deranged man barging in the cockpit without any reason, Although the argument of foresee-ability can be justified to a considerable extent, for overall safety of the passengers, rules should have been imposed to ensure that the cockpit doors remain locked during the flight. A s far as the controllability of the issue is concerned, the management authority can easily control the risks involved. The pilots could be summoned and asked about their experiences regarding cockpit intrusion and accordingly feasible solutions could be implemented. Since a single co-pilot finds it difficult to get rid of the intruder, the provision of more than two co-pilots within the cockpit can also be highly effective. Since the cockpit door is the only barrier existing between the passenger and a pilot, at least one more security door can be installed, that can act as a fortification against the determined intruders. Besides, rules should also have been imposed to ensure that the cockpit doors remain locked during the flight. However, it was very reasonable for British Airways Boeing 747, that it was unable to predict and foresee the risks involved in keeping its door unlocked. The human made disaster that took place lives of four people created major question on the viability of the risk management that would have been the primary concern of the management of the park and the negligence of which has resulted in the massacre. Accidents are unnatural aspect of life on earth. There are certain desired and perfect circumstances that are rather regarded normal if we consider the damage and the ill effect that the particular accident might cause (Koubaridis et al. 2016). In case if the cause is behind normality, there raise the question on managing the risk factors and the ultimate situation that has lead to the disaster. The incident or rather the negligence of the authority of the park has ultimately leaded to the situation that took lives of the visitors. If the legal framework and the jurisdiction is taken into consideration, it has to be said that it falls under the responsibility of the management to undertake the safety measures at the workplace. Thus, the accident that occurred at Dreamworld could have easily been avoided in case proper precaution was undertaken. In case of an amusement park, the authorities should have undertaken proper approach and shall have conducted regular checks on the rides that the disaster could have been restricted (McKeith 2016). The common law says that an organization should provide a safe system to work and should also have a well trained supervisor who shall be responsible for the overall safety and regulation of the particular place. In addition to this, the Statute law also establishes the functions and rules to draw and maintain a comprehensive measure to take necessary precaution against any kind of faulty measure. The police after investigation had presented their view point and have claimed that the parks authority is completely responsible for the disaster that took place there and killed four. The park was shut down for a number of days as investigation was going on but soon within a span of one month, the park was reopened and it started operating like the same way as before. As evident from the reports, the experts have claimed that the disaster that took place in the park is indeed due to the negligence of the workers and authorities at the park. The accident could have been prevented if they were careful enough and had the basic instinct of understanding the importance of live that the accident has taken away. The risks to employees act, also states that for any kind of engineering bodies like cranes, vessels and other equipment, should be under the regulations in the Queensland, under the registration of professional engineers (Murray 2016). Therefore, it can be clearly claimed that the authorities of the part were much responsible for the accident that took place at the place. The experience of the Family ride would have been better and everyone would have been saved if the authority had performed their duties and had taken the necessary steps at the right time. The Dream world Disaster is one of the largest man-made disasters that had shocked everyone by the tragic, catastrophic death of the four members of a family, owing to the accident that happened on the Thunder River Rapids Ride. While a theme park is meant to amuse the visitors, the malfunctioning of the rides had led to the question that to what extent these rides are safe. The four members of the family were flipped out of the raft as the family ride got plagued by technical problems, ultimately taking a tool on the lives of the four members of the same family. There is no point denying the fact that the risk assessment methods would be of great use while managing the risks involved in case of the theme parks. First of all, it is important to assess and critically analyze the risks that can be involved in the rides, considering the design and structure and layout of the park as well as the rides, and accordingly the construction safety requirements must be evaluated. At present, the Australian government has introduced the Amusement Rides and Devices Australian Standard that lays out the mandatory rules and safety laws which each amusement ride operator must abide by. While assessing the risks involved in the theme park rides, the management authority must ensure that all the laws and rules are being conformed to. Each ride should be identified, and the risk involved should be evaluated, and accordingly the solutions or the preventive measures should be implemented (Withey 2016). Each risk factor should be identified and analyzed against ea ch ride, risks should range from intense physical injury risks, to minor risks such as nausea from jerks and accelerations should be identified. Special attention has to be provided to the design of locks and restraints or else unplanned release of locks can easily lead to unplanned release of locks ultimately leading to fatal accidents. Next, a risk assessment report would be used for identifying the risks according to the gravity of the risks involved, such as minor risks might include light injury risks, while moderate risks might include serious risk that would lead to hospital admission, and major risks would include fatalities. In order to address the risk matters in an effective way, it is highly important to hire at least two or three risk experts who would identify the risks and accordingly offer preventive measures for the same (Hanrahan 2016). At the same time, it is equally important to engage each ride owner in the risk assessment programs, so that they can be doubly cautious about the potential risks involved. Further, the consumers should be offered risk handouts before they avail the rides, that have been asse ssed to have risks ranging from moderate to severe levels. Reference List: Gogoi, E. 2014.Kashmir Flood Disaster How the Next One Could Be Avoided. [online] Available at: https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/09/12/kashmir-flood-disaster-how-the-next-one-could-be-avoided/ [Accessed 29 Apr. 2017]. Hanrahan, J. 2016.From a near miss 30 years ago to a similar capsizing just months before fatal accident: Horror stories from Dreamworld's Thunder River Rapids ride revealed Read more: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3878712/Dreamworld-disaster-Horror-stories-revealed-doomed-Thunder-Rapids-Ride.html#ixzz4fdU9qdru Available at: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3878712/Dreamworld-disaster-Horror-stories-revealed-doomed-Thunder-Rapids-Ride.html [Accessed 29 Apr. 2017]. Koubaridis, A., Burke, L., and Willis, C., 2016 Couple missed Dreamworld disaster when they let others go ahead of them Available at: https://www.news.com.au/national/queensland/whole-family-wiped-out-in-dreamworld-tragedy/news-story/8d482a62c29ac586cb6faf31e2218bf2 [Accessed on: 29-4-2017] Kumar, R. 2017.Flood hazard and risk assessment of 2014 floods in Kashmir Valley: a space-based multisensor approach. [online] Springer Link. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11069-016-2428-4 [Accessed 29 Apr. 2017]. McKeith, S., 2016 Dreamworld Disaster: Police Complete Analysis Of Theme Park Site Available at: https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2016/11/06/dreamworld-disaster-police-complete-analysis-of-theme-park-site/ [Accessed on: 29-4-2017] Murray, W., 2016 Dreamworld: four confirmed dead at Australian theme park as it happened Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2016/oct/25/dreamworld-four-people-critically-injured-at-australian-theme-park-live-updates [Accessed on: 29-4-2017] Shah, A. 2015.Kashmir Floods And Disaster Management OpEd. [online] Eurasia Review. Available at: https://www.eurasiareview.com/14102015-kashmir-floods-and-disaster-management-oped/ [Accessed 29 Apr. 2017]. The Conversation. (2017).Deaths at Dreamworld theme park could lead to safety changes for amusement rides. [online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/deaths-at-dreamworld-theme-park-could-lead-to-safety-changes-for-amusement-rides-67701 [Accessed 29 Apr. 2017]. Withey, A. 2016.Dreamworld deaths: Expert believes maintenance issue, not ride's age, as reason for deadly accident. [online] ABC News. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-26/dreamworld-accident-expert-points-to-maintenance-issues/7967020 [Accessed 29 Apr. 2017].